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1 elongated member
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > elongated member
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2 elongated member
Техника: деталь удлинённой формы -
3 elongated member
English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > elongated member
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4 member
5) матем. член; элемент•member in bending — элемент, работающий на изгиб; изгибаемый элемент;member in compression — элемент, работающий на сжатие; сжатый элемент;member in flexure — элемент, работающий на изгиб; изгибаемый элемент;member in shear — элемент, работающий на срез;member in tension — элемент, работающий на растяжение; растянутый элемент;member in torsion — элемент, работающий на кручение-
abutting members
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adjustable wedge engaging member
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base member
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bending member
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boom cross member
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compression member
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compressive member
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contact member
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core member
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cross member
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dam member
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diagonal member
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diagonal solebar member
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diagonal web member
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driven member
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driving member
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edge members
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elongated member
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escapement member
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external member
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filler member
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finely scraped member
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first member of equation
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fixed member
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flexible transverse member
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frame members
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frog member
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haunched member
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intermediate crosswise members
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intermediate lengthwise members
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internal member
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joint member
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load-bearing member
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load-carrying member
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lower solebar member
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main member
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mating member
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moving contact member
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partition support member
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permanent member
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photosensitive member
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polishing member
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precast offshore platform member
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primary member
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redundant member
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reinforcing diagonal member
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resilient member
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second member of equation
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secondary member
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secondary truss member
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serrated moving member
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set member
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side member
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sliding member
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stationary contact member
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stiffening member
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stop member
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strength member
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structural member
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substitute member
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substitution member
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support member
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suspension member
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swivel member
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tensile member
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tension member
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terminal member
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tie member
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timber floor member
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toothed escapement member
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transient member
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underframe member
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unstrained member
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vertical web member
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web member
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wedge member
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wheel center member -
5 member
1) часть; деталь; элемент ( конструкции)2) звено; орган3) матем. член уравнения4) член организации (напр. ИСО)•- abutment member
- actuating member
- adjustable wedge engaging member
- bar member
- base member
- basic member
- beam member
- boundary member
- box-like member
- cantilevering member
- catch member
- channel member
- chip member
- clamp member
- clamping member
- clasping member
- claw member
- compression member
- contact member
- control member
- controlled member
- core member
- correcting member
- correspondent member
- coupling member
- cross member
- cross-head member
- cushioning member
- cutting member
- dresser member
- drive member
- driven member
- elongated member
- external member
- extruder member
- fabricated members
- feed member
- finely scraped member
- fixed member
- gear member
- guide member
- input member
- internal member
- jaw member
- jib member
- latch member
- lifting member
- lock member
- locking member
- L-shaped member
- mating member
- member of kinematic chain
- movable member
- O-member
- operating member
- oscillating drive member
- output member
- platform linear member
- P-member
- pointed member
- race-pressing member
- reference member
- reinforcing member
- rolling support member
- rotor member
- seat member
- serrated moving member
- sliding member
- stop member
- strength member
- strip-like member
- structural member
- summing member
- tensile member
- tension member
- threaded member
- tie member
- tool removal member
- tooling support members
- torque member
- transfer member
- transverse member
- truss member
- tubular member
- unstrained member
- unstressed member
- wedge member
- work member
- work-engaging member
- working member
- workpiece-holding memberEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > member
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6 деталь удлиненной формы
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > деталь удлиненной формы
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7 деталь удлиненной формы
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > деталь удлиненной формы
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8 Charles, Jacques Alexandre César
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 12 November 1746 Beaugency, Franced. 7 April 1823 Paris, France[br]French physicist who developed the first hydrogen balloon, in 1783.[br]In 1783, following the early experiments with small hot-air balloons by the Montgolfier brothers, there was a growing interest in the prospect of a balloon flight with people on board. The Paris Académie des Sciences encouraged one of their physicists, Charles, to carry out experiments and produce a balloon. Charles enlisted the assistance of two brothers, Anne-Jean and Marie-Noël Robert, who were practical craftsmen with experience of coating silk fabric with rubber to make it impermeable to gases. Charles decided to use the recently discovered lighter-than-air gas, hydrogen, for his experiments rather than hot air. After making several unmanned balloons, he had a manned balloon ready for testing on 1 December 1783. Despite the fact that a Montgolfier balloon had already flown with two passengers, there was enormous public interest in the flight: one estimate suggested that 400,000 people turned out to watch. Charles and Marie-Noël Robert ascended from the gardens of the Tuileries and landed after two hours, having covered 45 km (28 miles). Technically the "Charlière" was far superior to the "Montgolfière" and was therefore used by most subsequent balloonists until the introduction of the modern hot-air balloon by the American Paul E. Yost in the 1960s. Following Meusnier's proposals for a dirigible (steerable) balloon, put forward during 1783–5, Charles and the Robert brothers built an elongated balloon incorporating Meusnier's ballonnet principle. It had a rudder but the method of propulsion, by opening and closing parasols used as paddles, was totally ineffective.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the Académie des Sciences 1795.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London. C.Dollfus, 1961, Balloons, trans. C.Mason, London. J.B.F.Fourier, 1825, Notice.JDSBiographical history of technology > Charles, Jacques Alexandre César
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9 Coolidge, William David
[br]b. 23 October 1873 Hudson, Massachusetts, USAd. 3 February 1975 New York, USA[br]American physicist and metallurgist who invented a method of producing ductile tungsten wire for electric lamps.[br]Coolidge obtained his BS from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1896, and his PhD (physics) from the University of Leipzig in 1899. He was appointed Assistant Professor of Physics at MIT in 1904, and in 1905 he joined the staff of the General Electric Company's research laboratory at Schenectady. In 1905 Schenectady was trying to make tungsten-filament lamps to counter the competition of the tantalum-filament lamps then being produced by their German rival Siemens. The first tungsten lamps made by Just and Hanaman in Vienna in 1904 had been too fragile for general use. Coolidge and his life-long collaborator, Colin G. Fink, succeeded in 1910 by hot-working directly dense sintered tungsten compacts into wire. This success was the result of a flash of insight by Coolidge, who first perceived that fully recrystallized tungsten wire was always brittle and that only partially work-hardened wire retained a measure of ductility. This grasped, a process was developed which induced ductility into the wire by hot-working at temperatures below those required for full recrystallization, so that an elongated fibrous grain structure was progressively developed. Sintered tungsten ingots were swaged to bar at temperatures around 1,500°C and at the end of the process ductile tungsten filament wire was drawn through diamond dies around 550°C. This process allowed General Electric to dominate the world lamp market. Tungsten lamps consumed only one-third the energy of carbon lamps, and for the first time the cost of electric lighting was reduced to that of gas. Between 1911 and 1914, manufacturing licences for the General Electric patents had been granted for most of the developed work. The validity of the General Electric monopoly was bitterly contested, though in all the litigation that followed, Coolidge's fibering principle was upheld. Commercial arrangements between General Electric and European producers such as Siemens led to the name "Osram" being commonly applied to any lamp with a drawn tungsten filament. In 1910 Coolidge patented the use of thoria as a particular additive that greatly improved the high-temperature strength of tungsten filaments. From this development sprang the technique of "dispersion strengthening", still being widely used in the development of high-temperature alloys in the 1990s. In 1913 Coolidge introduced the first controllable hot-cathode X-ray tube, which had a tungsten target and operated in vacuo rather than in a gaseous atmosphere. With this equipment, medical radiography could for the first time be safely practised on a routine basis. During the First World War, Coolidge developed portable X-ray units for use in field hospitals, and between the First and Second World Wars he introduced between 1 and 2 million X-ray machines for cancer treatment and for industrial radiography. He became Director of the Schenectady laboratory in 1932, and from 1940 until 1944 he was Vice-President and Director of Research. After retirement he was retained as an X-ray consultant, and in this capacity he attended the Bikini atom bomb trials in 1946. Throughout the Second World War he was a member of the National Defence Research Committee.[br]Bibliography1965, "The development of ductile tungsten", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgy Society Conference, Vol. 27, ed. Cyril Stanley Smith, Gordon and Breach, pp. 443–9.Further ReadingD.J.Jones and A.Prince, 1985, "Tungsten and high density alloys", Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society 19(1):72–84.ASDBiographical history of technology > Coolidge, William David
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